![]() (Standard Japanese) 「ダメだよ、やっちゃダメ」(damedayo, yacchadame)Īdditionally, the Renyōkei ( 連用形 conjunctive) form of a verb can be used to express prohibition, such as in「行きな」( ikina don’t go) and 「見な」( mina don’t look). This expression is also present in the Awa dialect and the Iyo dialect. In cases such as「行かれん」( ikaren) which in standard Japanese is(行くな)( ikuna don’t go) and 「見られん」( miraren) which means the same as(見るな)( miruna don’t look) in standard Japanese, the Mizenkei ( 未然形 nai stem) form of a verb plus 「れん・られん」( ren or raren) is used to indicate prohibition. 「-ておーせ・とーせ・とーぜ」( -teōse, tōse, and tōze) are used with subsidiary verbs like the formal「…してください」( shitekudasai please do). Orders can be given using the Renyōkei ( 連用形 conjunctive) form of verbs, which makes for a gentler expression than using the Meireikei ( 命令形 imperative) form. In the progressive aspect, the existential verb「ある」(aru to be) expresses a specific duration of time. With verbs such as 「死ぬ」( shinu to die) or 「消える」( kieru to disappear/ go out) where the change is instantaneous, the progressive aspect like 「死にゆう」( shiniyū) and 「消えゆう」( kieyū) is used to express the sense of “.is about to.”. The specification of perfect aspects is one of the characteristics of the dialects of western Japan. In the case of 「(し)よった」( (shi) yotta I was (doing) it) it is the past progressive aspect and for 「(し)ちょった」( (shi) chotta I had (done) it) the past perfect aspect. įor example, the question 「宿題やった?」( shukudai yatta? Did you do your homework?) can be answered in the following ways without the use of adverbs. ![]() Perfect tense uses the Renyōkei ( 連用形 conjunctive) form + chuu, choru, and chou, (ちゅー・ちょる・ちょう) and progressive tense uses the Renyōkei ( 連用形 conjunctive) form + yuu, yoru, and you (ゆー・よる・よう). The Tosa dialect, like English, differentiates between perfect and progressive tenses. Grammar and Expressions Grammatical Aspects Aside from northern Kochi, which has a Tarui standard pitch accent, a traditional Kyoto standard pitch accent is retained, much like in coastal Tokushima, in the city of Tanabe in Wakayama and in the central Kinki Region.However, mainly among the younger generation, increased interaction with other Shikoku dialects and the Kinki dialects through media has resulted in a continuing trend of lengthening all single-mora words. Only third-class nouns such as ki (木) and te (手) are sometimes lengthened. In other Shikoku dialects and in the Kinki dialects, single-mora words tend to become lengthened like in te (手) → tee (てー) or chi (血) → chii (ちー), but this tendency is weaker in the Tosa dialect.Shi (し) sometimes becomes i (い) ( i-euphony).In addition, tsu is sometimes pronounced tu. Ji is pronounced whilst di is pronounced, zu is pronounced whilst dzu is pronounced. ![]() Older speakers also differentiate between ji (じ) and di (ぢ) and zu (ず) and du (づ) (so-called yotsugana).Among older speakers, a nasalised sound ( n) is inserted before g and d.For example: pronunciation of keisan (計算 calculation) in the Tosa dialect is keisan (ケイサン), as opposed to keesan (ケーサン) in standard Japanese and Kansai dialects. The diphthong ei is distinctly retained.The most notable phonetic traits of the Tosa dialect are as follows: The coastal region from Muroto to Toyo has been influenced by the Tokushima Awa dialect and the Kinki dialects. Known as the ' Tosa dialect’, and will be described in this article. Possesses a Keihan standard, or Tarui standard pitch accent. Eastern-Central dialect - All other areas in Kochi.Western dialect - Shimanto (city), Tosashimizu, Sukumo, Otsuki, Mihara, Kuroshio (excluding the former town of Saga), Shimanto (town) (excluding the former town of Kubokawa), Yusuhara.Kochi Prefecture dialects are broadly divided into Western and Eastern-Central. The Tosa dialect exists in a somewhat unique position due to being historically isolated from other prefectures because of the Shikoku Mountains. Shikoku dialects are divided into Western ( Tokushima, Kagawa and Ehime), Southern (Kochi), and also occasionally Southwest (western Kochi and southern Ehime).
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